An antigen molecule could have multiple antigenic determinants, or known as epitopes. An antibody produced by the immune system can only bind to a specific epitope, while an antigen molecule could bind to different antibodies targeting different epitopes on the antigen. This unique feature has been widely utilized in different immunodetection methods. Methods that only…

Cell Targeted Delivery In addition to organ-specific delivery, the researchers sought to target specific cell subpopulations in the liver by engineering ionizable lipid nanoparticles for selective delivery to hepatocytes and hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs). Increasing PEG content enhanced hepatocyte-targeted delivery, while adding mannose increased hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cell (LSEC) delivery. Tumor Targeted Delivery Because…

Oncolytic virus (OV) is a type of virus that can selectively infect and kill cancer cells. When infected cancer cells are destroyed by oncolysis, OVs continue to release new infectious virus particles to help destroy the remaining tumors without harming healthy tissue. Oncolytic viruses can not only cause direct destruction of tumor cells but also effectively induce immune…

The LIPID MAPS Lipid Classification System proposed by The Lipid Maps Program funded by The National Institutes of Health (NIH) in 2003 classifies LIPID into eight major groups. Fatty acids (FA) Fatty acids are the simplest type of fat and are also a component of many more complex fats. Fatty acids contain a long aliphatic hydrocarbon…

Matexcel, a leading service provider in material science, recently adds microplastic analysis service to its consumer & industrial product testing services to support the quality, performance, regulatory compliance, safety and other requirements of its customers products, components, and raw materials. Microplastics (MPs) are novel environmental contaminants whose particle size range is generally considered to be between…

Two groups of experiments were conducted at the Michael Rees Hospital in Chicago. The experimental group is 21 to 31 years old, and the control group is 69 to 100 years old. Researchers found that the salivary amylase of young people is more than 30 times that of older people. This is why young people can…

Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic with inhibitory effect on Gram-positive bacteria. Due to its special fermentation process, there are many factors that affect the fermentation of vancomycin, including carbon source, nitrogen source, temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen. 1. Carbon source The carbon source plays a key role in cell supply and other aspects. Carbon source is not…

Polylactide (PLA), also the polylactic acid, is the biodegradable hydrolyzable aliphatic semicrystalline polyester that can be produced through the direct condensation reaction of its monomer, lactic acid, as the oligomer, and also by a ring-opening polymerization of the cyclic lactide dimer.  Is Polylactic Acid Natural? PLA is a biodegradable, biocompatible, and renewable thermoplastic polyester. The monomer lactic acid…

Recently, Cleveland Clinic researchers formally initiated a clinical trial of a breast cancer vaccine aimed to prevent triple-negative breast cancer, which could become the first breast cancer vaccine ever developed. The clinical trial is based on a 2010 study published in Nature Medicine. Breast cancer, the most common cancer among women, has overtaken lung cancer as the world’s…

The latest clinical trial data on the allogeneic stem cell therapy VX-880 for type I diabetes was just revealed by Vertex, one of the world’s pharmaceutical giants. The patient’s insulin production function was restored on day 90 of VX-880 treatment, and his daily insulin requirement was reduced by 91%, while blood glucose control was significantly improved…